GRAMMAR NOTES

Post the following grammar notes on the platform Moodle so that students can get a copy.

GRAMMAR NOTES:

a)      Prepositions of time:

We use:

• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES

at	in	on
PRECISE TIME	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS	DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock	in May	on Sunday
at 10.30am	in summer	on Tuesdays
at noon	in the summer	on 6 March
at dinnertime	in 1990	on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime	in the 1990s	on Christmas Day
at sunrise	in the next century	on Independence Day
at sunset	in the Ice Age	on my birthday
at the moment	in the past/future	on New Year's Eve

We use during to talk about something that happens within a particular period of time, to say when something takes place; to talk about something that happens within the same time as another event.
Examples:

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year's Day?
• During my time in London I visited a lot of interesting places.
• He came to work during the morning meeting

b)     Modals of obligation and permission:

'Must' is used to express an obligation which the speaker agrees with

               You must study all this weekend for an exam on Monday.
'Mustn't' means 'not allowed to':

                  You mustn't start writing until I say.



'Have to' is used to express an obligation which has been imposed by someone else

 Question: Can you come out with me tomorrow?
 Answer: I'm sorry. I have to study all weekend. I have to do an important exam on                   Monday.

'Don't have to' it is not necessary:
                   There are ten questions, but you don't have to answer them all.

'Can' is used to ask for and give permission:

                     Question: Can I borrow your notes, please? I'll have the same exam next week.
                     Answer: Yes, of course you can, but you mustn't lose them!

´should / shouldn’t´ mild obligation

   You should save some money.